Artificial intelligence in Brazilian Courts of Justice:

empirical mapping and algorithmic governance

Abstract

The digital transformation of the Brazilian Judiciary has been driven by the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, particularly within the State Courts of Justice, which face challenges related to high litigation rates, case backlogs, and the pursuit of greater efficiency in judicial services. In this context, this study examines the AI tools implemented by Brazilian state courts, aiming to identify their functionalities, adoption patterns, and institutional impacts. The research adopts a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive approach, based on a literature review, document analysis, and an empirical survey of technological solutions developed or employed by the courts, using a comparative perspective across different implementation models. The findings reveal the emergence of a heterogeneous judicial AI ecosystem, characterized by the predominance of tools designed for procedural automation, draft decision generation, precedent analysis, and the identification of repetitive claims. The study also highlights the recent expansion of generative AI systems integrated into digital case management environments. It concludes that AI already plays a significant role in the modernization of the Judiciary, contributing to productivity gains and administrative rationalization. However, its consolidation requires stronger mechanisms of algorithmic governance, transparency, human oversight, and the protection of fundamental rights, ensuring compatibility between technological innovation and the rule of law.